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War on Iran tests foundations of international law as conflict widens

Organizations warn the U.S. and Israeli strikes raise questions over the use of force, civilian protections, nuclear safety.

The USS Spruance destroyer fires a Tomahawk missile on Feb. 28, 2026, the first day of the joint military strikes launched by the United States and Israel against Iran.
The USS Spruance destroyer fires a Tomahawk missile on Feb. 28, 2026, the first day of the joint military strikes launched by the United States and Israel against Iran that have quickly escalated into a regional conflict. (U.S. Navy)

The widening war on Iran waged by the United States and Israel is testing the international legal order on the use of force and conduct of war.

Humanitarian and rights organizations, diplomats and nuclear watchdogs warn the escalating U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iranian targets raise urgent questions under the United Nations Charter and Geneva Conventions, twin legal frameworks that set the rules for cross-border conflict.

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