All Topics

Melting glaciers. Rising sea levels. Wildfires. Food shortages. Mass coral reef deaths and widespread species extinctions. Global pandemics. Every other issue is secondary. In a world of climate change, direct impacts on humanity are evident where we live and work and on the health and well-being of many populations. Climate change is a truly global issue; fighting it demands global cooperation and financing through summits, known as COPs, and landmark treaties like the Paris Agreement.

United States (U.S.) (403)

Switzerland (313)

Russia (310)

France (308)

Asia-Pacific (308)

China (305)

United Kingdom (U.K.) (280)

World Health Organization (WHO) (244)

Africa (238)

News and insights on international cooperation and development in Africa.

Geopolitics (232)

The world's multilateral efforts to solve global challenges are based on a post-World War II political and economic order that is struggling to navigate the 21st century's multipolarity and rise of authoritarianism: the U.S.-China rivalry, Russia's war in Ukraine, Israel and Hamas, the West's conflicts with North Korea and Iran, the crisis in Afghanistan, coups in Africa, and unrest in the Americas over deep-rooted injustices, biases and inequalities.

Middle East (230)

European Union (E.U.) (228)

U.N. Security Council (UNSC) (205)

Germany (202)

U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) (178)

Paris Agreement 2015 (164)

Sustainable Development Goals (157)

Many businesses, governments and organizations are committed to sustainable goals like reducing their environmental footprints and conserving resources. Sustainable finance includes environmental, social and governance considerations in investment decisions. In 2015, the U.N.'s 193 member nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Despite some progress, the U.N. says 83% of the agenda is off-track from the pandemic, climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and conflict.

Human Rights (139)

The United Nations says human rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. International human rights law sets out the obligations of governments to promote and protect human rights.

U.N. Human Rights Council (HRC) (128)

Ukraine (123)

Japan (117)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (115)

Israel (112)

India (111)

Canada (109)

Justice & Accountability (100)

Justice and accountability help break cycles of violence and atrocities, restore the rule of law and trust in institutions, and build strong societies that can diminish the risk of serious human rights violations.

Science & Technology (96)

The 21st century acceleration in scientific and technological advances could enhance global well-being and inclusive development. But the pandemic showed that science and technology policy needs more diplomacy to reach inclusive and global solutions. Quantum computing, advanced AI, human augmentation, eco-regeneration, geoengineering and science diplomacy are all fast-moving fronts where international cooperation will be crucial to navigate geopolitical tensions and competition.

Turkey (92)

Iran (92)

Nuclear Security & WMD (92)

News and insights on nuclear security policy and weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical and biological weapons), amid threats and risks ranging from Russia's war in Ukraine to North Korea's missile tests.

World Bank Group (91)

Founded in 1944, the Washington-based World Bank Group provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Its mission is to fight poverty and to help people help themselves and their environment.

Italy (91)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (90)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, started with 12 countries in 1949 and has since grown into a military alliance among Canada, the United States and 27 European nations. It requires members to commit to helping each other defend against any attack. NATO's initial purpose was to defend Western Europe from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Netherlands (87)

Palestine (86)

Humanitarians & Peace (83)

Humanitarian organizations and diplomats working for peace must respond effectively to the needs of people caught in crises, understand and analyze their needs, and mobilize international aid. With enough funding and resources, organizations can provide tools and services to ensure that no one affected by a crisis is left behind. The number of people who need aid has soared in recent years due to factors like climate change, population growth and the spread of armed groups and extremists.

Syria (78)

European Commission (E.C.) (75)

U.N. Environment (UNEP) (70)

Brazil (69)

Saudi Arabia (68)

Trump Watch (68)

Former U.S. President Donald Trump's hostility to international organizations and multilateralism has undercut longstanding alliances and treaties, and damaged the United States' global standing and its own democracy. Despite his conviction on 34 felony charges in the New York hush money case and the exposure he faces from other lawsuits and criminal charges, Trump continues to pose a threat to global peace and security with his 2024 White House bid and dehumanizing anti-immigration rhetoric.

South Korea (67)

In Depth (67)

Stories backed by data, insight and analysis that shed light on major trends among international organizations.

Ethiopia (64)

UNESCO (63)

U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1994 (62)

Belgium (62)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (61)

UNICEF (60)

Australia (60)

Sweden (59)

Work, Education, Culture & Sports (59)

News and insights on the future of work, education, cultural heritage and sports.

Norway (59)

U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (59)

World Trade Organization (WTO) (59)

World Food Program (WFP) (58)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) (58)

The IMF is a cooperative institution of member countries that lends money to members having difficulties meeting financial obligations to other members. The loans are handed out on condition that economic reforms are undertaken to eliminate these difficulties for their own good and that of the entire membership.

Group of 20 (G-20) (57)

The Group of 20 is a forum of the world's biggest economies for developing global policies on the most pressing challenges. It includes 19 countries plus the European Union. Together they represent 80 percent of global economic output. The members are: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, the E.U., France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the United States.

Austria (57)

Mexico (54)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (54)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (54)

Yemen (53)

United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) (53)

Egypt (51)

Pakistan (49)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (48)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program, IPCC provides governments and U.N.-led summits with scientific information they can use to form climate policies.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) (47)

Migrants & Refugees (47)

Migrants, refugees, displaced people and asylum seekers all face challenges away from their home region or country. Refugees flee across a border and need international protection. Migrants choose to find a better future somewhere else. Displaced people are forced or obliged to leave their homes, fleeing to somewhere else within or outside their country. Asylum seekers want international protection; not all are recognized as a refugee, but every refugee is initially an asylum seeker.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 2015 (47)

Poland (45)

North Korea (44)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (44)

Charter of the United Nations 1945 (44)

Kenya (43)

World Economic Forum (WEF) (42)

South Africa (42)

U.N. Development Program (UNDP) (42)

Group of Seven (G-7) (42)

International Criminal Court (ICC) (40)

Nigeria (39)

Myanmar (39)

Afghanistan (39)

Libya (38)

Spain (38)

Iraq (38)

African Union (A.U.) (38)

Gavi the Vaccine Alliance (38)

Amnesty International (AI) (37)

Congo (36)

South Sudan (34)

Denmark (34)

International Court of Justice (ICJ) (34)

Sudan (34)

New Zealand (33)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (31)

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (31)

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) (30)

Rwanda (29)

Indonesia (28)

UNRWA (28)

Chile (27)

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty 1987 (27)

Venezuela (27)

Somalia (26)

Hungary (26)

International Labor Organization (ILO) (26)

New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) 2011 (26)

U.N. Trade and Development (26)

Formerly known as UNCTAD, the U.N. agency says it aims to support developing countries in accessing the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively and in dealing with the potential drawbacks of greater economic integration. It provides analysis, facilitates consensus-building, and offers technical assistance to help nations use trade, investment, finance, and technology as vehicles for inclusive and sustainable development.

Bangladesh (25)

Jordan (25)

Finland (25)

Qatar (25)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (23)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (23)

World Health Assembly (WHA) (23)

Argentina (22)

International Energy Agency (IEA) (22)

European Parliament (22)

Central African Republic (21)

Singapore (21)

Colombia (21)

Ireland (21)

Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration 2018 (20)

Philippines (20)

Eritrea (20)

Greenpeace International (19)

U.N. Climate Change (19)

Malaysia (19)

Fridays For Future (FFF) (19)

European Council (19)

Polar Regions (18)

U.N. Migration (IOM) (18)

Morocco (18)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2002 (18)

Uganda (18)

Mozambique (18)

Vietnam (17)

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) (17)

Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (17)

Greece (17)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (17)

ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies. The organization includes all of the U.N.'s 193 member nations and more than 1,000 companies, universities and international and regional organizations. Headquartered in Geneva and with regional offices on every continent, ITU is the oldest in the U.N. system, connecting the world since the telegraph era in 1865.

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (16)

Sri Lanka (16)

Iceland (16)

Mali (16)

U.N. Environment Assembly (16)

Chad (16)

Portugal (15)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (15)

The U.N. General Assembly approved the declaration on December 10, 1948 to prevent a recurrence of World War II atrocities. The declaration was a milestone achievement in setting the first multicultural standards for universally protecting fundamental human rights.

Cuba (15)

Algeria (15)

Thailand (15)

Kuwait (15)

Romania (15)

Lebanon (15)

Oxfam International (15)

Slovakia (14)

League of Nations (14)

Geneva Conventions 1949 (14)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976 (13)

Burundi (13)

U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 (13)

Czechia (13)

The nation formerly known as Czechoslovakia was established in 1918 at the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. During the German occupation of World War II, Bohemia, Moravia and the Slovak Republic were set up. At the end of the war, Czechoslovakia was re-established. It became a Soviet satellite state in 1948, but held free elections after the 1989 anti-communist revolution. In 1993, two independent successors, the Czech and Slovak republics, were created.

Reporters Without Borders (13)

Ghana (13)

Burkina Faso (13)

Global Compact on Refugees 2018 (13)

Black Sea Grain Initiative 2022 (13)

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (13)

Council of Europe (COE) (12)

Bulgaria (12)

Niger (12)

Lithuania (12)

Serbia (12)

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2021 (12)

U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (12)

Slovenia (12)

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) (12)

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) (12)

Dominican Republic (12)

Estonia (12)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (12)

International Health Regulations 2007 (12)

WWF International (11)

Group of 77 (G-77) (11)

U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 (11)

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) (11)

Tunisia (11)

Ivory Coast (11)

U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (11)

Latvia (11)

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (11)

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) (11)

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (11)

Save the Children (11)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (10)

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (10)

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) 1970 (10)

European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (10)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (10)

As the world's oldest international financial institution, Basel, Switzerland-based BIS was founded in 1930 to increase cooperation among central banks and other government agencies working to create financial and monetary stability. It had a key role in reparation payments imposed on Germany following the World War I. It does not supervise or regulate banks, and its banking services are exclusively for central banks and international financial institutions.

Senegal (10)

Ecuador (10)

Peru (10)

Freedom House (10)

North Atlantic Treaty 1949 (10)

U.N. Women (10)

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 2004 (10)

Sierra Leone (10)

Belarus (10)

Croatia (10)

Universal Postal Union (UPU) (10)

Bahrain (9)

Liberia (9)

Gambia (9)

Liechtenstein (9)

Chemical Weapons Convention 1997 (9)

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (9)

Founded in 1964 to reduce poverty and improve living conditions for Africans, Ivory Coast-based AfDB is one of five multilateral development banks (MDBs) in the world. Its main entities are the African Development Bank, African Development Fund and Nigeria Trust Fund.

Arab League (9)

Montenegro (9)

Luxembourg (9)

Nicaragua (8)

Guyana (8)

Costa Rica (8)

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) (8)

Uruguay (8)

Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990 (8)

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (8)

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (8)

As the world’s first permanent international political organization, Geneva-based IPU was founded in 1889 by France's Frédéric Passy and Britain's William Randal Cremer among a small group of pacifist-minded parliamentarians. It now encompasses 179 parliaments that aim to promote democracy, peace, human rights, youth, gender equality and sustainable development.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2004 (8)

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (8)

European Central Bank (ECB) (8)

Access Now (8)

U.S.-based nonprofit Access Now, founded in 2009, says it defends and extends the digital rights of people and communities at risk around the world through direct technical support, strategic advocacy, grassroots grantmaking. It has offices in Belgium, Costa Rica, Tunisia, and the United States, with operations in more than 20 countries across six continents. Its main event is the annual RightsCon platform on human rights in the digital age.

U.N. Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (8)

Honduras (8)

Cameroon (8)

Zimbabwe (8)

International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) (8)

Laos (7)

Roman Catholic Church (7)

European Convention on Human Rights 1953 (7)

Cambodia (7)

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (7)

International Seabed Authority (ISA) (7)

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (7)

Organization of American States (OAS) (7)

Conference on Disarmament (7)

Treaty of Versailles 1920 (7)

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (7)

UNAIDS (7)

Fiji (7)

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (7)

Taiwan (7)

U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) 1996 (7)

Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (7)

Open Skies Treaty 2002 (7)

U.N. Commission on Human Rights (7)

International Olympic Committee (IOC) (7)

Haiti (7)

Guatemala (7)

Albania (7)

CARE (7)

Georgia (7)

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP-11) 2018 (7)

Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) Foundation (7)

Mauritania (6)

Vatican City (6)

Green Climate Fund (GCF) (6)

Global Environment Facility (GEF) (6)

Palau (6)

U.N. Human Rights Committee (6)

Maldives (6)

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) (6)

International Rescue Committee (IRC) (6)

Malta (6)

International Space Station (ISS) (6)

U.N. Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) (6)

International Finance Corporation (IFC) (6)

Transparency International (6)

Munich Security Conference (6)

U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) (6)

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (6)

European Investment Bank (EIB) (6)

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (6)

Basel Convention 1992 (6)

Rotterdam Convention 2004 (6)

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951 (6)

Malawi (6)

Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (6)

Azerbaijan (6)

Djibouti (6)

Treaty of Bern 1874 (6)

U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951 (6)

Kosovo (5)

Nauru (5)

Comoros (5)

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (5)

Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement 2001 (5)

Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Preparatory Commission (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 1996 (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (5)

New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants 2016 (5)

Kazakhstan (5)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 1975 (5)

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1989 (5)

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (5)

Securities (5)

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (5)

Refugees International (5)

U.N. Office of Counterterrorism (UNOCT) (5)

Outer Space Treaty 1967 (5)

Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) (5)

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA) (5)

Libra Association (5)

Moldova (5)

International Crisis Group (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (5)

Togo (5)

Union of Concerned Scientists (5)

African Union Commission (5)

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) (5)

Wellcome Trust (5)

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) (5)

North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA) 1994 (5)

Global Opinions (5)

From time to time we publish opinion articles that shed light on international cooperation and development. Arete News welcomes opinion pieces from members of the community. We will review submissions but will not guarantee their publication. Op-eds may not be self-promotional, ads, or simple explications of facts. The author should clearly express a viewpoint rooted in fact on a topic of public importance about international organizations.

Trump Organization (5)

Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) (4)

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (4)

Saint Lucia (4)

U.N. Watch (4)

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1969 (4)

U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (4)

Jamaica (4)

Korean War Armistice Agreement 1953 (4)

Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) (4)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (4)

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (4)

Roll Back Malaria Partnership (4)

Greenland (4)

NCD Alliance (4)

Financial Stability Board (FSB) (4)

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (4)

Five major oil exporters founded the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, at Baghad in 1960, to influence the global oil markets by coordinating policies among member nations. Thirteen countries in Africa, Latin America and the Middle East now belong to the Vienna-based organization, accounting for four-fifths of the world's 'proven' oil reserves.

United Nations University (UNU) (4)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (4)

International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) (4)

European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (4)

Warsaw Pact 1955-1991 (4)

European Economic Community (4)

Treaty of Amity 1957 (4)

Center for Global Development (CGD) (4)

European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) (4)

U.N. Habitat (4)

U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) (4)

Launch Registration Convention 1976 (4)

Liability Convention 1972 (4)

Partial Test Ban Treaty 1963 (4)

Rescue Agreement 1968 (4)

Intelsat Agreement 1971 (4)

Moon Agreement 1984 (4)

Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) Treaty (4)

Mauritius (4)

Armistice of 1918 (4)

El Salvador (4)

Panama (4)

Norwegian People's Aid (4)

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (4)

U.N. Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA) (4)

Tanzania (4)

International Convention Against Doping in Sport 2007 (4)

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (4)

Brunei (4)

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (4)

Global Justice Now (4)

Benin (4)

Once known as Dahomey, Benin is among Africa's most stable democracies and largest cotton producers but remains one of the world's poorest countries. Part of its shore was once known as the Slave Coast, a major hub for captives to be shipped across the ocean as part of the transatlantic slave trade. There have been occasional clashes to the north along Benin's border with Burkina Faso.

Pew Charitable Trusts (3)

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) (3)

Walk Free Foundation (3)

Partnership on AI (3)

Samoa (3)

Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) (3)

Tonga (3)

Namibia (3)

U.N. Ethics Office (3)

Atlantic Charter 1941 (3)

Monaco (3)

U.N. Office for Project Services (UNOPS) (3)

UEFA (3)

The Nobel Foundation (3)

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1967 (3)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (3)

Global Carbon Project (3)

A.U. Convention on Corruption 2006 (3)

Refugee Convention 1951 (3)

Article 19 (3)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) (3)

Syrian Network for Human Rights (3)

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) 1948 (3)

Adaptation Fund (3)

Washington-based Adaptation Fund finances projects and programs that help vulnerable communities in developing countries adapt to climate change. Initiatives are based on country needs, views and priorities. ➡️ https://www.adaptation-fund.org/

International Institute for Sustainable Development (3)

TRIPS Agreement 1995 (3)

World Resources Institute (WRI) (3)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (3)

Human Rights Data Analysis Group (3)

Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) (3)

Antigua and Barbuda (3)

Seychelles (3)

Andorra (3)

Zambia (3)

World Weather Attribution (WWA) (3)

U.N. Office at Geneva (UNOG) (3)

Cyprus (3)

U.N. Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT) (3)

San Marino (3)

Botswana (3)

Bolivia (3)

A.U. Commission (AUC) (3)

United Nations Foundation (3)

Paris Peace Forum (3)

Mongolia (3)

U.N. Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (3)

Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (3)

Treaty of 15 October 1804 (3)

The Elders (3)

Christian Aid (3)

Jubilee Debt Campaign (3)

Barbados (3)

Paraguay (3)

Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (3)

African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) (3)

Non-Aligned Movement (3)

Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) (3)

Union of International Associations (UIA) (3)

Turkmenistan (2)

Bhutan (2)

Anti-Slavery International (2)

U.N. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect (OSAPG) (2)

Fortify Rights (2)

Angola (2)

European Economic Area (EEA) 1994 (2)

The Agreement on the European Economic Area entered into force on January 1, 1994, bringing together 28 European Union members and three non-member nations — Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway — into a single market called the "Internal Market."

Marshall Islands (2)

Government Accountability Project (GAP) (2)

U.N. Dispute Tribunal (2)

Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN) (2)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2)

World Council of Churches (2)

Arctic Council (2)

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) (2)

Ramsar Convention 1975 (2)

Marrakesh Treaty 2013 (2)

World Uyghur Congress (2)

Fair Trials International (2)

EarthRights International (2)

Commonwealth of Nations (2)

Equatorial Guinea (2)

U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2)

Gabon (2)

Inter-American Convention Against Corruption 1997 (2)

Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions 1999 (2)

U.N. Convention against Corruption 2005 (2)

AIDS-Free World (2)

ONE Campaign (2)

RED (2)

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (2)

ILO Convention on Violence and Harassment 2019 (2)

U.N. Office at Vienna (UNOV) (2)

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2)

Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Asian and Pacific Region (2)

World Heritage Convention 1975 (2)

International Air Transport Association (IATA) (2)

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation 1947 (2)

Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe (2)

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2005 (2)

Syrian Center for Statistics and Research (2)

Violations Documentation Center (2)

Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) (2)

Asia Development Bank (ADB) (2)

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) (2)

Global Financing Facility for Women Children and Adolescents (GFF) (2)

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) (2)

Sino-British Joint Declaration 1985 (2)

Istanbul Convention 2014 (2)

European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2)

Toronto Declaration (2)

Alliance of World Scientists (AWS) (2)

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) (2)

U.N. Counterterrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) (2)

End Child Prostitution and Trafficking (ECPAT International) (2)

U.N. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) (2)

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1967 (2)

Guinea (2)

International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) (2)

Christchurch Call (2)

Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) (2)

Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) (2)

Oslo Accords 1995 (2)

U.N. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 2003 (2)

U.N. Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (2)

U.N. Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) (2)

International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1976 (2)

Oman (2)

U.N. Office at Nairobi (UNON) (2)

Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) (2)

Minamata Convention on Mercury 2013 (2)

Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (2)

Suriname (2)

Better World Campaign (2)

UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution 1983 (2)

Nepal (2)

Brexit 2016 (2)

U.N. Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) (2)

U.N. Convention Against Torture 1987 (2)

Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995 (2)

Unitaid (2)

International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) (2)

Human Rights First (2)

CIVICUS (2)

Human Rights Campaign (2)

French Guiana (2)

Lesotho (2)

U.N. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2008 (2)

Paris Club (2)

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