By the time the Western Front's guns fell silent exactly one century ago, 10 million soldiers had died in World War I, 20th century's first global catastrophe, which nonetheless seeded modern conceptions of a liberal international order after a second global war.
Aerial bombardments, aircraft-mounted machine guns, military tanks, trench warfare and the first large-scale use of chemical weapons such as chlorine, mustard gas, phosgene and tear gas during World War I — mechanized warfare made possible by the Second Industrial Revolution — added to the sense of a dystopian world recoiling from a new depth of human brutality and cruelty.
Geopolitics — Armistice of 1918 — Austria — Belgium — Bulgaria — Charter of the United Nations 1945 — European Network Remembrance and Solidarity (ENRS) — France — Germany — Global Issues — Hungary — Italy — League of Nations — Paris Peace Forum — Russia — Serbia — Switzerland — Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918 — Treaty of Lausanne 1924 — Treaty of Versailles 1920 — Turkey — United Kingdom (U.K.) — United Nations (U.N.) — In Depth — United States (U.S.) — China
