All Topics

United Nations (794)

Founded at the end of World War II, the New York-based United Nations is an international organization with 193 member nations. It began with 50 nations meeting at San Francisco in 1945 to maintain international peace and security. Over two months, the U.N. Charter was created as the basis for the organization's hope of preventing another world war. Founding members Britain, China, France, the Soviet Union and the United States took permanent veto-wielding seats on the powerful Security Council.

Global Issues (703)

United States (633)

Europe (557)

Americas (502)

Climate & Health (454)

Our coverage of the growing convergence of climate and global health issues, including the latest news on the science, politics and economics that are behind it. "The climate crisis is a health crisis," said WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, pointing to links between weather events, disease outbreaks, and noncommunicable diseases.

Russia (405)

China (395)

Switzerland (383)

France (371)

United Kingdom (349)

Asia-Pacific (299)

European Union (E.U.) (289)

World Health Organization (WHO) (278)

Germany (262)

Security & Geopolitics (262)

Our coverage of the world's efforts to solve global challenges and maintain peace and security based on an post-World War II international rules-based order.

Middle East (251)

U.N. Security Council (UNSC) (239)

Africa (238)

News and insights on international cooperation and development in Africa.

Paris Agreement 2015 (201)

U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) (200)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (199)

Our coverage of the U.N.'s 17 'Global Goals' for ending poverty, protecting the planet and ensuring that by 2030 everyone is able to enjoy peace and prosperity.

Ukraine (193)

Trump Watch (162)

Our coverage of U.S. President Donald Trump and his first and second terms in office, including his far-reaching impacts on international organizations.

Israel (154)

Japan (149)

Canada (147)

India (144)

Human Rights (144)

The United Nations says human rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. International human rights law sets out the obligations of governments to promote and protect human rights.

U.N. Human Rights Council (HRC) (137)

Palestine (125)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (124)

Justice & Accountability (120)

Justice and accountability help break cycles of violence and atrocities, restore the rule of law and trust in institutions, and build strong societies that can diminish the risk of serious human rights violations.

Netherlands (115)

Iran (113)

Italy (112)

Turkey (109)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (109)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, started with 12 countries in 1949 and has since grown into a military alliance among Canada, the United States and 27 European nations. It requires members to commit to helping each other defend against any attack. NATO's initial purpose was to defend Western Europe from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

SciTech Diplomacy (107)

Our coverage of how science, technology and diplomacy can navigate geopolitics in pursuit of opportunities. Follow our list @aretenews.bsky.social.

Syria (103)

Nuclear Security & WMD (101)

News and insights on nuclear security policy and weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical and biological weapons), amid threats and risks ranging from Russia's war in Ukraine to North Korea's missile tests.

Humanitarians & Peace (101)

Humanitarian organizations and diplomats working for peace must respond effectively to the needs of people caught in crises, understand and analyze their needs, and mobilize international aid. With enough funding and resources, organizations can provide tools and services to ensure that no one affected by a crisis is left behind. The number of people who need aid has soared in recent years due to factors like climate change, population growth and the spread of armed groups and extremists.

World Bank Group (100)

Founded in 1944, the Washington-based World Bank Group provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Its mission is to fight poverty and to help people help themselves and their environment.

Brazil (95)

European Commission (E.C.) (93)

Saudi Arabia (93)

U.N. Environment (UNEP) (81)

Australia (80)

South Korea (80)

Norway (78)

U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (75)

In Depth (75)

Stories backed by data, insight and analysis that shed light on major trends among international organizations.

Ethiopia (74)

Sweden (74)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (73)

U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1994 (73)

UNICEF (73)

Belgium (72)

United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) (71)

UNESCO (71)

South Africa (71)

Mexico (70)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (70)

Austria (70)

World Food Program (WFP) (70)

Egypt (69)

World Trade Organization (WTO) (65)

Pakistan (64)

Group of 20 (G-20) (64)

The Group of 20 is a forum of the world's biggest economies for developing global policies on the most pressing challenges. It includes 19 countries plus the African Union and European Union. Together they represent 85% of global economic output. The 19 member nations are: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the United States.

Yemen (63)

Work, Education, Culture & Sports (62)

News and insights on the future of work, education, cultural heritage and sports.

International Monetary Fund (IMF) (62)

The IMF is a cooperative institution of member countries that lends money to members having difficulties meeting financial obligations to other members. The loans are handed out on condition that economic reforms are undertaken to eliminate these difficulties for their own good and that of the entire membership.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (61)

Human Rights Watch (HRW) (60)

Myanmar (59)

Migrants and Refugees (58)

Migrants, refugees, internally displaced people and asylum seekers all face challenges away from their home region or country. Migrants all move within a country or across a border. Refugees flee across a border and need international protection. Internally displaced people are forced or obliged to leave their homes, fleeing to somewhere else within their country. Asylum seekers ask for international protection; not all are recognized as refugees.

Sudan (58)

Afghanistan (57)

Poland (57)

Kenya (56)

Charter of the United Nations 1945 (55)

International Criminal Court (ICC) (54)

Nigeria (53)

Spain (52)

North Korea (52)

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 2015 (51)

World Economic Forum (WEF) (51)

Group of Seven (G-7) (51)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (50)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program, IPCC provides governments and U.N.-led summits with scientific information they can use to form climate policies.

Congo (49)

U.N. Development Program (UNDP) (49)

Denmark (48)

UNRWA (48)

African Union (47)

The African Union has 55 member nations throughout the continent. It was officially launched in 2002.

Amnesty International (45)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (45)

New Zealand (44)

International Court of Justice (ICJ) (43)

South Sudan (43)

Iraq (43)

Rwanda (41)

Libya (41)

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (40)

Gavi the Vaccine Alliance (40)

Jordan (39)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (39)

Argentina (39)

Indonesia (38)

Venezuela (37)

Chile (37)

Hungary (37)

Bangladesh (34)

U.N. Climate Change (34)

Energy & Environment (34)

International energy and environment policy largely focuses on a rapid transition towards renewable energy sources, with a major emphasis on solar and wind power, as governments invest in clean energy technologies and aim to significantly reduce carbon emissions, with the goal of limiting global warming. Key developments include increased trade policies around clean energy technologies, a decline in coal usage, and a growing push for a complete phaseout of fossil fuels.

Colombia (32)

Finland (32)

Singapore (32)

Lebanon (31)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (31)

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) (31)

Somalia (30)

Qatar (29)

International Labor Organization (ILO) (29)

Ireland (29)

World Health Assembly (WHA) (29)

Philippines (28)

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty 1987 (28)

International Energy Agency (IEA) (28)

New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) 2011 (27)

Mali (27)

Uganda (26)

U.N. Trade and Development (26)

Formerly known as UNCTAD, the U.N. agency says it aims to support developing countries in accessing the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively and in dealing with the potential drawbacks of greater economic integration. It provides analysis, facilitates consensus-building, and offers technical assistance to help nations use trade, investment, finance, and technology as vehicles for inclusive and sustainable development.

Central African Republic (26)

European Parliament (26)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (26)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2002 (25)

U.N. Migration (IOM) (25)

Polar Regions (25)

Eritrea (25)

Malaysia (24)

Portugal (23)

Morocco (23)

Mozambique (22)

Cuba (21)

Romania (21)

Chad (21)

Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration 2018 (21)

Greece (21)

European Council (21)

Vietnam (21)

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (21)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (21)

ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies. The organization includes all of the U.N.'s 193 member nations and more than 1,000 companies, universities and international and regional organizations. Headquartered in Geneva and with regional offices on every continent, ITU is the oldest in the U.N. system, connecting the world since the telegraph era in 1865.

Sri Lanka (20)

Greenpeace International (20)

Serbia (19)

Iceland (19)

Thailand (19)

Fridays For Future (FFF) (19)

Oxfam International (19)

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) (19)

Geneva Conventions 1949 (19)

Lithuania (19)

Estonia (19)

Burundi (18)

Belarus (18)

Slovakia (17)

Algeria (17)

Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (17)

Burkina Faso (17)

Kuwait (17)

U.N. Environment Assembly (17)

Council of Europe (COE) (16)

Ghana (16)

Luxembourg (16)

Niger (16)

Czechia (15)

The nation formerly known as Czechoslovakia was established in 1918 at the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. During the German occupation of World War II, Bohemia, Moravia and the Slovak Republic were set up. At the end of the war, Czechoslovakia was re-established. It became a Soviet satellite state in 1948, but held free elections after the 1989 anti-communist revolution. In 1993, two independent successors, the Czech and Slovak republics, were created.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (15)

The U.N. General Assembly approved the declaration on December 10, 1948 to prevent a recurrence of World War II atrocities. The declaration was a milestone achievement in setting the first multicultural standards for universally protecting fundamental human rights.

Ivory Coast (15)

U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951 (15)

Dominican Republic (15)

U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 (15)

Slovenia (15)

Ecuador (15)

Bulgaria (14)

Reporters Without Borders (14)

WWF International (14)

Senegal (14)

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (14)

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (14)

Save the Children (14)

U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 (14)

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) (14)

League of Nations (14)

U.N. Women (14)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (14)

Latvia (14)

Haiti (14)

Azerbaijan (14)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976 (13)

Tunisia (13)

U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (13)

Peru (13)

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (13)

Gambia (13)

Montenegro (13)

International Health Regulations 2007 (13)

Black Sea Grain Initiative 2022 (13)

Malawi (13)

Cameroon (13)

Global Compact on Refugees 2018 (13)

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) 1970 (12)

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2021 (12)

Group of 77 (G-77) (12)

Uruguay (12)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (12)

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) (12)

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (12)

U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (12)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (12)

As the world's oldest international financial institution, Basel, Switzerland-based BIS was founded in 1930 to increase cooperation among central banks and other government agencies working to create financial and monetary stability. It had a key role in reparation payments imposed on Germany following the World War I. It does not supervise or regulate banks, and its banking services are exclusively for central banks and international financial institutions.

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) (12)

Liberia (12)

Sierra Leone (12)

Zimbabwe (12)

African Development Bank Group (11)

Founded in 1964 to reduce poverty and improve living conditions for Africans, Ivory Coast-based AfDB is one of five multilateral development banks (MDBs) in the world. Its main entities are the African Development Bank, African Development Fund and Nigeria Trust Fund.

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) (11)

Universal Postal Union (UPU) (11)

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 2004 (11)

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) (11)

Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (11)

Africa CDC strengthens the capacity and capability of Africa’s public health institutions as well as partnerships to detect and respond quickly and effectively to disease threats and outbreaks, based on data-driven interventions and programs.

Georgia (11)

Bahrain (11)

Croatia (11)

Fiji (11)

Guyana (11)

European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (11)

Malta (10)

Liechtenstein (10)

Chemical Weapons Convention 1997 (10)

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) (10)

North Atlantic Treaty 1949 (10)

Arab League (10)

Freedom House (10)

Nicaragua (10)

Kosovo (10)

Costa Rica (10)

Honduras (10)

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (10)

As the world’s first permanent international political organization, Geneva-based IPU was founded in 1889 by France's Frédéric Passy and Britain's William Randal Cremer among a small group of pacifist-minded parliamentarians. It now encompasses 179 parliaments that aim to promote democracy, peace, human rights, youth, gender equality and sustainable development.

U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) (10)

Kazakhstan (10)

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (9)

European Convention on Human Rights 1953 (9)

European Central Bank (ECB) (9)

European Investment Bank (EIB) (9)

UNAIDS (9)

Munich Security Conference (9)

Access Now (9)

U.S.-based nonprofit Access Now, founded in 2009, says it defends and extends the digital rights of people and communities at risk around the world through direct technical support, strategic advocacy, grassroots grantmaking. It has offices in Belgium, Costa Rica, Tunisia, and the United States, with operations in more than 20 countries across six continents. Its main event is the annual RightsCon platform on human rights in the digital age.

Albania (9)

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (9)

Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) Foundation (9)

Palau (8)

Comoros (8)

International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)

Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990 (8)

International Olympic Committee (IOC) (8)

U.N. Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (8)

Roman Catholic Church (8)

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) (8)

Open Skies Treaty 2002 (8)

Taiwan (8)

Transparency International (8)

U.N. Commission on Human Rights (8)

Cambodia (8)

Laos (8)

Jamaica (8)

International Seabed Authority (ISA) (8)

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP-11) 2018 (8)

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (8)

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA) (8)

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (8)

U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) 1996 (8)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2004 (8)

U.N. Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) (8)

Vatican City (8)

Guatemala (8)

Treaty of Versailles 1920 (8)

Conference on Disarmament (7)

Organization of American States (OAS) (7)

Nepal (7)

International Rescue Committee (IRC) (7)

CARE (7)

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (7)

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) (7)

Moldova (7)

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (7)

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (7)

Djibouti (7)

Mauritania (7)

Tanzania (7)

Zambia (7)

Greenland (7)

Global Opinions (7)

From time to time we publish opinion articles that shed light on global issues. Arete News welcomes opinion pieces from members of the community. We will review submissions but will not guarantee their publication. Op-eds may not be self-promotional, ads, or simple explications of facts. The author should clearly express a viewpoint that is rooted in fact on a topic of public importance and is clearly relevant to international cooperation, competition or development.

Saint Lucia (6)

Nauru (6)

African Union Commission (6)

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (6)

Green Climate Fund (GCF) (6)

Treaty of Bern 1874 (6)

U.N. Human Rights Committee (6)

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (6)

Togo (6)

Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) (6)

The Elders (6)

Wellcome Trust (6)

Panama (6)

Global Environment Facility (GEF) (6)

International Finance Corporation (IFC) (6)

Basel Convention 1992 (6)

Rotterdam Convention 2004 (6)

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1989 (6)

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (6)

Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (6)

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (6)

Five major oil exporters founded the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, at Baghad in 1960, to influence the global oil markets by coordinating policies among member nations. Thirteen countries in Africa, Latin America and the Middle East now belong to the Vienna-based organization, accounting for four-fifths of the world's 'proven' oil reserves.

Maldives (6)

Paraguay (6)

Antigua and Barbuda (6)

Outer Space Treaty 1967 (6)

International Space Station (ISS) (6)

North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA) 1994 (6)

Bolivia (6)

E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Preparatory Commission (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 1996 (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (5)

Namibia (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (5)

Securities (5)

Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) (5)

Union of Concerned Scientists (5)

International Crisis Group (5)

Refugees International (5)

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) (5)

Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement 2001 (5)

European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (5)

U.N. Office of Counterterrorism (UNOCT) (5)

United Nations University (UNU) (5)

Libra Association (5)

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (5)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 1975 (5)

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (5)

U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (5)

Benin (5)

Once known as Dahomey, Benin is among Africa's most stable democracies and largest cotton producers but remains one of the world's poorest countries. Part of its shore was once known as the Slave Coast, a major hub for captives to be shipped across the ocean as part of the transatlantic slave trade. There have been occasional clashes to the north along Benin's border with Burkina Faso.

Monaco (5)

New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants 2016 (5)

Trump Organization (5)

International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) (5)

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (5)

Tonga (5)

Barbados (5)

Guinea (5)

Seychelles (5)

Infodemics (5)

A global information war is being fought over the value and role of international cooperation and development. The World Health Organization says it is fighting an 'infodemic' of too much information, some false or misleading, in digital and physical spaces during disease outbreaks. Beyond the global health arena, misinformation and disinformation in governance can spread like a virus. A CSIS think tank commentary warns that there's a 'rising tide of information war in international affairs.'

Mauritius (5)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (4)

European Economic Area (EEA) 1994 (4)

The Agreement on the European Economic Area entered into force on January 1, 1994, bringing together 28 European Union members and three non-member nations — Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway — into a single market called the "Internal Market."

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (4)

Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) (4)

Roll Back Malaria Partnership (4)

Armistice of 1918 (4)

International Convention Against Doping in Sport 2007 (4)

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (4)

Refugee Convention 1951 (4)

Mongolia (4)

European Economic Community (4)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (4)

NCD Alliance (4)

European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) (4)

Warsaw Pact 1955-1991 (4)

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) 1994 (4)

Brunei (4)

Global Justice Now (4)

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (4)

The Nobel Foundation (4)

U.N. Watch (4)

Financial Stability Board (FSB) (4)

Norwegian People's Aid (4)

Treaty of Amity 1957 (4)

Center for Global Development (CGD) (4)

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1969 (4)

World Resources Institute (WRI) (4)

U.N. Office for Project Services (UNOPS) (4)

U.N. Office at Geneva (UNOG) (4)

U.N. Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA) (4)

World Weather Attribution (WWA) (4)

Cyprus (4)

Botswana (4)

Andorra (4)

U.N. Habitat (4)

El Salvador (4)

Korean War Armistice Agreement 1953 (4)

Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) (4)

U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) (4)

Launch Registration Convention 1976 (4)

Liability Convention 1972 (4)

Partial Test Ban Treaty 1963 (4)

Rescue Agreement 1968 (4)

Intelsat Agreement 1971 (4)

Moon Agreement 1984 (4)

Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) Treaty (4)

Uzbekistan (4)

Arctic Council (4)

The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum for promoting cooperation on issues related to the Arctic, particularly sustainable development and environmental protection. It was established in 1996 and includes the eight Arctic ntates, six organizations for Indigenous people, and observers. It focuses on topics like Arctic people, biodiversity, climate, ocean, pollutants, and emergencies.

Kyoto Protocol to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change 2005 (4)

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) (4)

Equatorial Guinea (4)

Angola (4)

Walk Free Foundation (4)

Samoa (4)

World Central KItchen (WCK) (4)

A.U. Convention on Corruption 2006 (3)

Marshall Islands (3)

U.N. Ethics Office (3)

U.N. Dispute Tribunal (3)

Paris Peace Forum (3)

Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) (3)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (3)

Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995 (3)

A.U. Commission (AUC) (3)

United Nations Foundation (3)

U.N. Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (3)

Christian Aid (3)

Jubilee Debt Campaign (3)

San Marino (3)

Global Carbon Project (3)

Adaptation Fund (3)

Washington-based Adaptation Fund finances projects and programs that help vulnerable communities in developing countries adapt to climate change. Initiatives are based on country needs, views and priorities. ➡️ https://www.adaptation-fund.org/

International Peace Institute (IPI) (3)

TRIPS Agreement 1995 (3)

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) (3)

Article 19 (3)

UEFA (3)

Atlantic Charter 1941 (3)

Minsk Agreements 2014 (3)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (3)

Syrian Network for Human Rights (3)

Commonwealth of Nations (3)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) (3)

Human Rights Data Analysis Group (3)

Oman (3)

Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) (3)

Trinidad and Tobago (3)

Kyrgyzstan (3)

Tajikistan (3)

Bhutan (3)

Pew Charitable Trusts (3)

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1967 (3)

Non-Aligned Movement (3)

Science Diplomacy Capital for Africa (SDCfA) (3)

Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions 1999 (3)

Papua New Guinea (3)

Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (3)

Treaty of 15 October 1804 (3)

U.N. Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (3)

XPRIZE Foundation (3)

International Science Council (ISC) (3)

Open Quantum Institute (OQI) (3)

Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (3)

Cook Islands (3)

Partnership on AI (3)

Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) (3)

Union of International Associations (UIA) (3)

North Macedonia (3)

U.N. Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT) (3)

European Space Agency (ESA) (3)

African Union Mission in Somalia (3)

Grenada (3)

Guinea-Bissau (2)

Government Accountability Project (GAP) (2)

UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution 1983 (2)

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) (2)

Brexit 2016 (2)

Alliance of World Scientists (2)

U.N. Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) (2)

AIDS-Free World (2)

U.N. Convention Against Torture 1987 (2)

U.N. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 2003 (2)

U.N. Counterterrorism Center (UNCCT) (2)

International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) (2)

CIVICUS (2)

Human Rights Campaign (2)

French Guiana (2)

Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) (2)

Lesotho (2)

Unitaid (2)

Global Financing Facility for Women Children and Adolescents (GFF) (2)

Ramsar Convention 1975 (2)

U.N. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2)

Oslo Accords 1995 (2)

Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) (2)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2008 (2)

Paris Club (2)

Geneva Agreement 1966 (2)

CARICOM (2)

Washington Treaty 1897 (2)

U.N. Counterterrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) (2)

European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2)

Istanbul Convention 2014 (2)

Diem Association (2)

International Institute for Sustainable Development (2)

Sino-British Joint Declaration 1985 (2)

International Air Transport Association (IATA) (2)

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) (2)

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists is an independent global network of 280 investigative journalists and more than 140 media organizations spanning 100 countries. It has directed some of the largest cross-border reporting initiatives in history.

U.N. Staff Union (2)

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2)

Minamata Convention on Mercury 2013 (2)

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) (2)

Eurojust (2)

Asia Development Bank (ADB) (2)

Syrian Center for Statistics and Research (2)

Violations Documentation Center (2)

U.N. Office at Nairobi (UNON) (2)

U.N. Office at Vienna (UNOV) (2)

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2005 (2)

Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe (2)

World Uyghur Congress (2)

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation 1947 (2)

Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Asian and Pacific Region (2)

ILO Convention on Violence and Harassment 2019 (2)

ACCEPT (2)

World Heritage Convention 1975 (2)

Knowledge Ecology International (KEI) (2)

Global Oceans Treaty (2)

International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1976 (2)

U.N. Office of the Special Envoy to the Secretary-General on Yemen (2)

Antarctic Treaty 1959 (2)

International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (2)

Education Cannot Wait (ECW) (2)

Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (2)

U.N. Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (2)

Budapest Memorandum 1994 (2)

Turkmenistan (2)

Bahamas (2)

RED (2)

Better World Campaign (2)

Human Rights First (2)

Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN) (2)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2)

World Council of Churches (2)

U.N. Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) (2)

UNITAR started operating in 1965 to train and equip young diplomats from newly-independent member nations and has evolved into a leading institute for customized, creative learning solutions to institutions and individuals from the public and private sectors.

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) (2)

Ottawa Declaration 1996 (2)

European Community (2)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 1981 (2)

Marrakesh Treaty 2013 (2)

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1964 (2)

U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2)

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1967 (2)

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 (2)

Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 (2)

U.N. Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) (2)

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (2)

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) (2)

African Center on the Study and Research on Terrorism (2)

Micronesia (2)

Geneva Center for Security Policy (GCSP) (2)

ITU Constitution and Convention 1992 (2)

Pandemic Action Network (2)

Suriname (2)

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (2)

World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) (2)

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2)

Tuvalu (2)

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) (2)

Vanuatu (2)

U.N. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) (2)

A.U.-E.U. Innovation Agenda (2)

The joint A.U.-E.U. Innovation Agenda aims to transform and increase the innovative capacities and achievements of European and African researchers and innovators into tangible outputs, such as products, services, businesses and jobs. Supported by the European Union's Global Gateway Initiative for investing in infrastructure projects, the A.U.-E.U. Innovation Agenda will represent the mainstay of the cooperation on science, technology and innovation between Africa and Europe for a decade.

Federation of American Scientists (FAS) (2)

Financial Action Task Force (FATF) (2)

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) (2)

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) (2)

Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) (2)

Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol 2019 (2)

U.N. Water (2)

U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2)

Anti-Slavery International (2)

U.N. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect (OSAPG) (2)

Fortify Rights (2)

European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) (2)

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2)

Toronto Declaration (2)

Wikimedia Foundation (2)

Bertelsmann Stiftung (2)

ONE Campaign (2)

U.N. Working Group on Enforced Disappearances (2)

Inter-American Convention Against Corruption 1997 (2)

U.N. Convention against Corruption 2005 (2)

Timor-Leste (2)

Gabon (2)

Global Witness (2)

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) (2)

Christchurch Call (2)

Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) (2)

U.N. Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) (2)

Fair Trials International (2)

African Diaspora Youth Forum in Europe (2)

EarthRights International (2)

Frontex (2)

U.N. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) 1983 (2)

Bucharest Nine (B9) (2)

International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) (2)

Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) (2)

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) (2)

End Child Prostitution and Trafficking (ECPAT International) (2)

International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) (2)

Nieu Islands (2)

Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) (2)

U.N. Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) (2)

International Council of Chemical Associations (2)

U.N. Alliance of Civilizations (1)

U.N. Correspondents Association (UNCA) (1)

International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners (1)

Lisbon Treaty 2009 (1)

Treaty on the European Union 1992 (1)

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 1957 (1)

European Charter of Fundamental Rights 2000 (1)

Center for Social Awareness Advocacy and Ethics (CSAAE) (1)

Women's Refugee Commission (WRC) (1)

Mission Innovation (1)

Nordic Council of Ministers (1)

Global Food Research Program (1)

International Food and Beverage Alliance (1)

World Obesity Federation (1)

Solomon Islands (1)

Lima Declaration 2017 (1)

Lima Group (1)

Climate Alliance (1)

Gothenburg Protocol 1999 (1)

Gothenburg Protocol Revisions 2019 (1)

Resources for the Future (1)

International Platform on Sustainable Finance (IPSF) (1)

Joint Investigative Mechanism (JIM) (1)

Mayday Rescue Foundation (1)

White Helmets (1)

Organization Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) (1)

Terre des Hommes International Federation (1)

International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA) (1)

InterAction (1)

SAMS (1)

People in Need (1)

Mercy Corps (1)

Syria Relief (1)

World Vision International (1)

NRDC (1)

Wyss Campaign for Nature (1)

Congo Republic (1)

A.U. Assembly (1)

Treaty of Kurekchay 1805 (1)

Bonn Convention 1983 (1)

Firearms Protocol 2005 (1)

L'Arche International (1)

Commission on the Status of Women (1)

Swiss Philanthropy Foundation (1)

U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) (1)

U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (1)

Petersberg Climate Dialogue (1)

WIPO Convention 1970 (1)

Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect (1)

European Council on Foreign Relations (1)

Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) 1990 (1)

Maastricht Treaty 1993 (1)

Marrakesh Agreement (1)

Kosovo Specialist Chambers (KSC) and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office (SPO) (1)

Institute for Security Studies (ISS Africa) (1)

Global Initiative (1)

TB Alliance (1)

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (1)

Pure Earth (1)

Global March Against Child Labor (1)

International Republican Institute (IRI) (1)

National Democratic Institute (NDI) (1)

National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (1)

Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) (1)

Lawyers Collective (1)

Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) (1)

Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) (1)

French Development Agency (1)

Risk-informed Early Action Partnership (REAP) (1)

Group on Earth Observations (GEO) (1)

World Cocoa Foundation (1)

Harkin-Engel Protocol 2001 (1)

Fair Labor Association (1)

EcoHealth Alliance (1)

Green Finance Institute (1)

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) (1)

U.N. Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) (1)

Mine Ban Treaty 1999 (1)

Handicap International (HI) (1)

U.N. International Law Commission (1)

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) (1)

Institute of International Finance (IFF) (1)

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) 2020 (1)

Standing Together for Nutrition Consortium (STfN) (1)

Friends of Ocean Action (1)

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 1960 (1)

Frontline AIDS (1)

Commons Project (1)

U.N. Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) (1)

ILO Home Work Convention 2000 (1)

International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) (1)

Global Center on Adaptation (1)

Global Commission on Adaptation (1)

Bloomberg Philanthropies (1)

WRAP (1)

Heinrich Böll Foundation (1)

HAP International (1)

Netherlands Red Cross (1)

Global Forest Watch (1)

Cape Verde (1)

Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) (1)

Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (1)

International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation (IFRS) (1)

European Fund and Asset Management Association (EFAMA) (1)

Good Friday Agreement 1998 (1)

Northern Ireland Protocol 2020 (1)

BusinessEurope (1)

Climate Crisis Advisory Group (CCAG) (1)

Civil 20 (C-20) (1)

Black Elephant (1)

U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (1)

U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) (1)

Australia – United Kingdom – United States Partnership (AUKUS) (1)

Charter of Paris for a New Europe 1990 (1)

Chatham House (1)

Declaration for the Future of the Internet 2022 (1)

Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC) 2002 (1)

Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 1987 (1)

Summits of the Americas (1)

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) (1)

Foreign Press Association Africa (FPAA) (1)

Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) (1)

Protecting Our Planet Challenge (1)

Stockholm Declaration 1972 (1)

Global Climate and Health Alliance (1)

Physicians for Social Responsibility (1)

World Federation of Public Health Associations (1)

InsuResilience Global Partnership (1)

Geneva Call (1)

Partnership for Maternal Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH) (1)

Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) (1)

Gulf of Guinea Commission (1)

U.N. Commission on the Status of Women (1)

Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) (1)

Oil Change International (1)

Norwegian Church Aid (1)

Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Center (1)

U.N. Expert Mechanism to Advance Racial Justice and Equality in the context of Law Enforcement (EMLER) (1)

Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (1)

Convention on Cluster Munitions 2008 (1)

Clean Shipping Coalition (1)

South Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP) (1)

Club of Rome (1)

U.N. Compensation Fund (1)

U.N. Compensation Commission (1)

Freedom Now (1)

Committee for Human Rights in North Korea (1)

U.N. Association of the United States of America (1)

Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights (1)

Fondation Passerelle (1)

ILO Declaration of Philadelphia 1944 (1)

ILO Employment (Transition from War to Peace) Recommendation 1944 (1)

U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) (1)

International Blockchain Federation (1)

International Blockchain Real Estate Association (1)

IOTA Foundation (1)

Government Blockchain Association (1)

World Blockchain Organization (1)

International Decentralized Association of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain (1)

Global Blockchain Business Council (1)

International Blockchain Association (1)

Simla Agreement 1972 (1)

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) (1)

INHOPE (1)

Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) (1)

World Childhood Foundation (1)

Broadband Commission for Digital Development (1)

Caritas Internationalis (1)

Community of Sant'Egidio (1)

International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) (1)

Danish Refugee Council (1)

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (1)

International Arctic Science Committee (1)

International Council for Science (1)

Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) (1)

Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment Working Group (1)

Southern Ocean Observing System (1)

Global Ocean Forum (1)

World Ocean Network (1)

C40 (1)

Samaritan's Purse (1)

International Refugee Organization (IRO) (1)

ASEAN Regional Forum (1)

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was founded in 1967 to promote collaboration and accelerate cultural development, economic growth, peace, social progress and stability in the region. It has ten member nations: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Its regional forum launched in 1994 to encourage annual, constructive talks and diplomacy on common political and security issues.

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons including Diplomatic Agents 1973 (1)

Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 1957 (1)

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1979 (1)

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography 2002 (1)

Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations of a Universal Character 1975 (1)

UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1972 (1)